HIV-1
HIV-1 is the most common variety of the human immunodeficiency virus. It primarily attacks immune cells (especially CD4 T-cells) and, if untreated, can gradually weaken the immune system over time. HIV-1 is the main cause of the global HIV epidemic and is the strain most people mean when they say “HIV”.
Description
HIV-1 is a virus that infects and damages cells in the immune system. Over time, a declining count of CD4 T-cells can reduce the body’s ability to fight infections. Without treatment, HIV infection can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), which is the advanced stage of HIV infection.
HIV-1 can be transmitted through exposure to infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. Common transmission routes include unprotected sexual contact, sharing needles/syringes, and from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding. It is not spread through casual contact such as hugging, sharing utensils, or using the same toilet.
Self-tests like this one detect antibodies produced by the immune system in response to HIV-1 (and HIV-2). Antibodies are not always detectable immediately after exposure, which is why timing matters.
After a possible exposure, it may take time before antibodies reach detectable levels. During this “window period,” a test can be negative even if infection has occurred. If exposure is recent, repeating testing later and/or seeking medical advice for appropriate follow-up is important.
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