Ammonia is a nitrogen-containing compound produced in the gut through the breakdown of proteins and amino acids by intestinal bacteria. In a healthy gut, most ammonia is either used by microbes or absorbed and detoxified by the liver. Elevated fecal ammonia levels may indicate excessive protein fermentation, gut dysbiosis, or an imbalance between beneficial and pathogenic bacteria. High levels can contribute to mucosal irritation, inflammation, and may compromise gut barrier function. Ammonia levels are a useful marker of microbial protein metabolism and intestinal health.
It indicates the level of protein breakdown and fermentation occurring in the gut. High levels typically suggest an imbalance in gut microbes or too much protein consumption.
Potentially yes. Excess ammonia can irritate the gut lining, promote inflammation, and affect the gut-brain axis.
Possible causes include high-protein diets, low fibre intake, dysbiosis, or reduced conversion of ammonia by beneficial bacteria.
Low levels are generally seen as positive, indicating a healthy microbial balance and minimal protein decay.
Strategies may include reducing excess protein, increasing fermentable fibre, and supporting a healthy microbiota with probiotics or prebiotics.