Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a compound produced in the liver from trimethylamine (TMA), which is generated by gut bacteria during the digestion of nutrients like choline, L-carnitine, and phosphatidylcholine. Elevated levels of TMAO have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, kidney dysfunction, and inflammation. TMAO serves as a valuable marker for assessing metabolic health and the impact of gut microbiota on systemic disease risk. Lifestyle and diet, especially red meat and eggs, can significantly influence TMAO levels. Monitoring TMAO may help identify hidden risks even when other conventional markers appear normal.
Elevated TMAO levels are linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, kidney dysfunction, and systemic inflammation.
Diets rich in red meat, eggs, and other animal-based foods high in choline and carnitine can lead to increased TMAO levels. The composition of gut microbiota also significantly influences this process.
Yes, TMAO levels can be reduced through dietary changes (for instance, cutting down on red meat), boosting fiber intake, and altering gut microbiota with probiotics or prebiotics.
Yes. TMAO can indicate cardiovascular or metabolic risks that standard lipid panels might miss, serving as a complementary marker for preventive health screening.
Absolutely. TMA is produced by gut bacteria, so the balance and diversity of your microbiome directly influence the amount of TMAO ultimately formed.